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Optimizing the operation of wastewater treatment plants
Singrová, Veronika ; Bábíček, Richard (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate two selected wastewater treatment plants and to propose appropriate measures related to optimization of operation. Wastewater treatment plants are from the Jihomoravský and Zlínský regions and both come under the category 2 001 - 10 000 equivalent inhabitants. In the diploma thesis there is an assessment of construction objects, machinery, cleaning efficiency and energy performance of both WWTPs. The calculations are based on the real measured values for the last three years and on the basic parameters of individual objects and equipment. The present state of the two wastewater treatment plants is summarized and optimization proposals are sorted by importance.
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Design of WWTP at locality with extreme demands on quality of treated wastewater
Krupica, Radek ; Vachovec, Roman (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the wastewater treatment technologies by means of which high quality of the treated wastewater is attained, especially with regard to removing nutrients. The introduction of the thesis contains, among others, descriptions of the reserves in the Czech Republic where it is extremely important to insist on the highest quality of the discharged wastewaters. Then follows a summary of the quality requirements on the discharged wastewaters as stipulated in the legislation. Furthermore, I analyse the impact of the nutrients – nitrogen and phosphorus – on the environment and the principles of their removal from the wastewaters. In the next section I concentrate on the technological processes by means of which the required quality of the wastewater is achieved. The conclusion includes a list of technologies used as the tertiary wastewater treatments with emphasis on membrane technologies. The second part of my thesis is a study of a project of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with membrane technology for the villages of Sloup and Šošůvka located within the protected landscape area of Moravian Karst.
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Wastewater treatment plants for municipalities with gravitational inflow
Benešová, Irena ; Vachovec, Roman (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
Diploma thesis is aimed on description of wastewater treatment plant with gravitational inflow. Focus is on WWTP in the Czech Republic, particularly in the South Moravia region - in this aspect the thesis presents relevant statistics like the number of WWTP per region and the total, capacity of WWTP per region and their substance load on inflow /outflow. The recherche is also limited according to the core subject of theoretical part, which is technology of small WWTP in the category up to 2000 equivalent habitants. The experimental part presents comparsion of particular wastewater treatment plant of this category in the South Moravia region: one with gravitational inflow and one with inflow pump station. The examined wastewater treatment plant are compared according to substance load, hydraulic load and technology. Thesis is concluded with a review of the different operation parameters of the both types of WWTP.
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Energy self-sufficiency of small sewage treatment plant
Leksa, František ; Pěcha, Jiří (referee) ; Ptáček, Michal (advisor)
The thesis presents basic information from the area of small wastewater treatment plants. It also deals with the theoretical description of the solar radiation issue and describes the modeling of the photovoltaic cell and the selected type of battery. On the basis of the theoretical knowledge obtained, a model of the system representing the cooperation of the wastewater treatment plant with other energy sources is proposed. The model is created in PSCAD system and its function is verified in several operating scenarios. Depending on this, the work evaluates the achievements of individual operating scenarios that demonstrate different energy requirements for the system as a whole.
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Study of Transfer of Musk Compounds in Abiotic and Biotic Components of Aquatic Ecosystems
Zouhar, Libor ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work was focused on the determination of musk compounds in various components of the environment. Synthetic musk compounds are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, perfumes, cosmetics and other personal care products (PCPs). These compounds contaminate the aquatic environment through municipal wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The result is accumulation of these analytes in the environment and their occurrence in food chain. Synthetic fragrances are commonly detected also in human body; these substances generally belong among relatively new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods for the determination of selected synthetic fragrances in wastewater (municipal, industrial) and in fish muscle. These analytes were determined in wastewater [the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Brno – Modřice, cosmetic manufacturing plant] and in fish Squalius cephalus that had been caught in the river Svratka. The selected analytes (14 substances) originate from the group of nitromusk, polycyclic musk and linear musk compounds. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) [for wastewater samples] and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) [for fish samples] were used for isolation of analytes from real samples. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The results show that galaxolide (g.L-1) and tonalide (tenths of g.L-1) were polycyclic musk compounds which were found at the highest concentration level in influent and also in effluent samples from the WWTP Brno – Modřice. The most extended nitromusk compound was musk ketone (hundredths of g.L-1). Linear musk compounds were detected in all influent samples (g.L-1). The overall removal efficiency of synthetic musk compounds from wastewater in the WWTP varies within the following ranges: nitromusk compounds 34.4 % – 85.4 %, polycyclic musk compounds 36.7 % – 53.3 % and linear musk compounds 90.5 % – 99.9 %. On the basis of the results it can be stated that wastewater (effluent from the WWTP) is the primary source of musk compounds, especially of the polycyclic ones in the environment. It has been also shown that ultrafiltration used in a cosmetic plant is a highly efficient technology for removing nitromusk and polycyclic musk compounds from industry wastewater. The results from evaluation of the fish contamination by musk compounds show that galaxolide was the substance which reached the highest concentration levels (tens of g.kg-1 l.w.). The results corroborate ubiquitous occurrence of musk compounds in the environment and reduction of using of nitromusk compounds due to their potential toxic properties. It has been shown that the insufficiency of the purifying procedures used in the WWTP Brno – Modřice has a significant influence on the concentration level of polycyclic musk compounds (tonalide, galaxolide) in fish caught from the river Svratka.
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Optimalization of WWTP operation
Ondráček, Martin ; Kubík,, Jiří (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the optimalitzation of an operation on SWTP and improvement of figures of drainge from sewage water treatment plants. Possible options of the optimalization are also included. The second part of the thesis deals with the optimalization of operation of the concrete sewage water treatment plant using the WEST programme.
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The study alternatives village sewer system Crhov
Sakáčová, Monika ; Raček,, Jakub (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The theme of this diploma thesis is " The study alternatives village sewer system Crhov". The thesis focuses on the design of possible wastewater treatment options with design of the technology for waste water treatment. Four alternatives are proposed - catch up existing sewerage and build an aerobic pond, new sewerage system with a container sewage treatment plant, domestic sewage treatment plant and the existing drainage system and the construction of a sewage treatment plant. In addition to the proposal itself, financial valuation of these variants is an integral part of the work with its own recommendation.
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Use of heat from wastewater
Tlašek, Miroslav ; Vachovec, Roman (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the problems associated with heat recovery from waste water and energy intensity of wastewater treatment plants. Current technologies allow you to recover heat that was inserted into the hot water. These technologies can be used for small performances in houses and for large building amenities too. It has been shown that by using a heat pump, low-potential heat waste water can be converted into useful heat for heating and hot water. Not only these heat pumps are environmentally friendly environments, but they can also compete with traditional sources of heat. The aim of the study was to describe these technologies and to minimize the energy that is wasted us „will drain into the canal“.
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